Mathematical model of the structure of elementary particles in space

Mathematical model of the structure of elementary particles in space

by ceasar Comment Closed
(zenodo.org) April 27 Introduction In this paper we construct a mathematical apparatus according to which elementary particles can be described through standing waves with different number of nodes. This allows to connect their properties with scaling in multidimensional space and interaction through wave resonance between fractal levels. In classical physics, the electromagnetic wave is described as strictly transverse. However, in the framework of the present model, which takes into account the finite propagation speed of interactions and the energy structure in space, it becomes necessary to introduce a longitudinal component associated with the energy density gradient. This does not cancel the classical picture, but extends it by describing additional subtle effects. We propose to interpret the electric charge as a value characterising the direction and magnitude of the work done by the space during the formation of a standing wave. Thus, the charge is not an external parameter, but an internal characteristic of the wave structure due to the ratio of longitudinal and transverse energy...
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Standing waves of energy density and particle structure

Standing waves of energy density and particle structure

by ceasar Comment Closed
(zenodo.org) Introduction Modern physics describes elementary particles as point objects or perturbations of quantum fields, but another interpretation is possible. This chapter considers the hypothesis that particles are standing waves of energy density and their properties can be explained through de Broglie waves. We will also consider how particle birth can be explained within this model and why the law of conservation of energy leads to the symmetry of matter and antimatter. Standing waves of energy density and particles To date, science does not describe the origin of electric charge. What is its nature? Why is its value constant for elementary particles? Charge does not change its sign or its value regardless of the environment. Why does the mass of a body change when the speed of motion changes, but nothing happens to the charge? What is this parameter - charge? It is known that: 1/c = αћ/e² where e is the charge of the electron, ћ is the reduced Planck constant, c is the speed of light. One constant is expressed...
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Energy of a particle as a closed wave structure and the law of conservation of energy

Energy of a particle as a closed wave structure and the law of conservation of energy

by ceasar Comment Closed
(zenodo.org) Introduction Modern physics considers elementary particles as objects possessing both corpuscular and wave properties. In relativistic mechanics the energy of a particle is defined by the expression: This formula shows that the energy of the particle grows with increasing momentum. However, if the particle is a closed wave structure of an electromagnetic wave and a standing wave in space created by the propagation of the electromagnetic wave, then its energy must be conserved within the system. This leads to an important question: how does a change in velocity affect the internal structure of the wave? De Broglie wavelength and energy redistribution According to de Broglie's hypothesis, a moving particle possesses an associated wave with length: where is Planck's constant, a is momentum. An increase in velocity leads to an increase in momentum, and hence to a reduction in wavelength. This means that when a particle accelerates, its wave structure shrinks, changing the distribution of energy within the system itself. Particle as a closed object If a particle...
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Longitudinal Energy Waves in the Propagation Mechanism of Electromagnetic Waves

Longitudinal Energy Waves in the Propagation Mechanism of Electromagnetic Waves

by ceasar Comment Closed
(zenodo.org) Introduction Electromagnetic waves are typically regarded as transverse, propagating without the need for a medium. However, their finite speed of propagation raises a fundamental question: what happens to energy in space during wave propagation? If energy cannot change instantaneously, then at some point in space, an energy gradient must form. If this is true, then it is logical to assume that electromagnetic waves generate not only transverse but also longitudinal energy oscillations. Energy Gradient and Its Consequences When an electromagnetic wave leaves its source, it alters the energy density in the surrounding space. As the wave propagates, the energy at the source returns to its original value, but at a distance R, the energy remains altered. This means that between these two points, an energy gradient exists, which can propagate as a longitudinal wave. Classical physics does not account for such a phenomenon, but that does not mean it does not exist. Instead, its effects might be too subtle to detect directly. Put differently,...
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Theory of frequency, energy density and fractal structure of the Universe

Theory of frequency, energy density and fractal structure of the Universe

by ceasar Comment Closed
(zenodo.org) dated April 27 Introduction Modern physics is based on quantum mechanics and general relativity theory (GRT), but their unification remains an unsolved problem. We propose an alternative model in which the frequency of oscillations is the primary concept determining the energy density. Within this model, Planck's constant plays the role of the fractalisation coefficient, determining the scale of physical processes. In the proposed model space is considered as perfectly straight, and all gravitational effects are interpreted not as a curvature of the geometry, but as a result of changes in the energy density in it. This is a key difference from the general theory of relativity, allowing a new look at the nature of interactions. 1. Rethinking the Michelson-Morley experience According to the special theory of relativity (STR), the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their motion. This means: If one observer is travelling at some speed and the other remains at rest, they will both measure the...
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