(zenodo.org)

Introduction

For centuries, physics has attempted to unify the fundamental concepts of matter, fields, and space. Modern theories such as quantum mechanics and general relativity describe different aspects of reality, but their unification remains a complex challenge. However, if we consider space as a form of energy organized into spherical structures, many contradictions may disappear. This article explores how spherical geometry naturally creates uncertainty and how this concept can explain the fundamental nature of the universe.

Space as a Form of Energy

Space is typically perceived as an empty medium in which particles and fields exist. However, if we assume that space itself is energy, the «vacuum» is no longer an emptiness but a special form of distributed energy. This perspective changes our understanding of physical processes:

• Matter is a condensed form of spatial energy.
• Fields are manifestations of interactions within this energy.
• Gravity is the curvature of spatial energy rather than an action at a distance.

The Sphere as a Source of Uncertainty

The geometry of a sphere imposes fundamental limitations on the precise determination of particle characteristics:

1. Uncertainty of center and radius: If we precisely define the center of a sphere, the circumference remains undefined due to the irrational nature of the number π. Conversely, if we fix the circumference length, the center becomes uncertain.
2. Natural quantum uncertainty: If elementary particles are standing waves enclosed within spherical geometry, their properties cannot be determined with absolute precision.
3. Fractal structure: If space forms such spheres at different scales, self-similarity emerges, explaining the fractal nature of the universe.

Resolving Contradictions

By considering space, matter, and fields as different manifestations of a single spherical energy structure, we can eliminate several fundamental issues:

• Quantum mechanics and general relativity: Quantum uncertainty and space-time curvature in general relativity can be interpreted as different scale manifestations of the same geometric structure.
• Unified nature of particles and fields: If particles are standing waves of spatial energy, interactions between them (fields) are simply wave processes within the same space.
• Black holes and event horizons: If the boundaries of objects are formed not by absolute structures but by the uncertainty of geometry itself, then event horizons naturally arise from this concept.

Why Does the Universe Appear Flat?

Astronomical observations suggest that the universe behaves like a «flat» structure on large scales, meaning its overall spatial curvature is close to zero. However, this does not necessarily mean that the universe is truly flat—such geometry may result from averaging locally curved regions.

If space consists of spherical fractal structures, its average curvature can be close to zero, similar to how the ocean surface appears flat despite having waves and local distortions. This approach explains why measurements suggest flatness on large scales while still allowing spherical geometry at local levels. It helps connect observed phenomena, such as gravitational lensing and black holes, to the broader structure of the universe.

Conclusion

Space, matter, and fields may be different aspects of a unified structure based on spherical geometry. In this model, the artificial separation of fundamental entities disappears—everything is energy structured in space according to the principles of spheres. This perspective opens the way to a new understanding of reality and a potential unification of physical theories.